Laura Gilpin 美国摄影师 American Photographer
Laura Gilpin 1891年出生在科罗拉多州，是费城农场主的女儿，从小喜欢探索户外活动。在父亲的鼓励下，她常在科罗拉多州的风景中露营和远足。Laura Gilpin 在12岁生日时得到了一台相机，一直使用了好几年。在一次旅行中她的母亲带她去了纽约，请Gertrude Kasebier为她拍摄了肖像照片。后来，当Laura Gilpin决定成为摄影师时，她便拜了Gertrude Kasebier为师。
Born in 1891 in Colorado, Laura Gilpin was the daughter of a farm owner in Philadelphia. She liked to explore outdoor activities. Under the encouragement of her father, she camped and hiked in the Colorado natural view. Gilpin received a camera on her 12th birthday and continued to use it for many years. Her mother took her to New York on a trip and had Gertrude Kasebier shoot her portrait photos. Later when Gilpin decided to become a photographer, she learned after Kasebier.
Laura Gilpin被称为“美国摄影贵妇”，在她60多年的摄影生涯中，熟练的使用黑白摄影，用镜头捕捉到了美国农村的人性和不断变化的状况，聚焦美国的土著部落，逐渐了解并记录下纳瓦霍和普韦布洛部落的生活和个人的面孔，并拍摄了科罗拉多州广阔的风景，成为美国最知名的风景摄影师之一，也成为美国西南部文化地理的著名编年史家。
Laura Gilpin is being called the "grand dame of American Photography." In more than 60 years of photography career, she captured humanity and changing conditions in rural America with her lenses and adept skills in black and white photography. Additionally, she focused attention on Native American tribes, gradually learning and recording Navajo and Pueblo's lives and faces. She also photographed a lot of board landscapes of Colorado, becoming one of the most famous landscape photographers in the US, and also a famous southwestern American cultural and geographic chronicler.
Laura Gilpin最早的作品是柔和的、浪漫，画派风格的。随着摄影技术的发展，她放弃了画派风格，转向聚焦清晰、对比度高的“直摄影”。
The early works of Gilpin are gentle, romantic, and pictorialist. With the improvement of photographic technology, she gave up pictorialism and turned to "straight photographs" that have higher resolution and contrast.
Laura Gilpin是第一批以胶卷记录西部风景、对环境和人类活动进行评论的女性之一。她扛着沉重的摄影设备徒步、开吉普车或坐飞机长途跋涉，来到遥远的地方寻找风景。为了拍摄航拍照片，她常常乘飞机进行危险的低空飞行。另外，Gilpin的生活是困难的，近50岁时，她接受了在暗室的工作。曾经为给一个富有家庭做相册，手工在铂金纸上复制了1668张照片。她每天工作10多小时，为了减少过敏反应，她不得不带上呼吸器和头盔。尽管如此，Gilpin不顾身体风险和社会的限制，坚持摄影到80多岁。
Laura Gilpin was one of the first women to record the Western views with films, and also the first to comment on the interconnectedness of nature and humans. She trekked long distances with heavy equipment by legs, jeep, or planes to find views. In order to get great aerial photos, she often dangerously fly low in the planes. Besides, Gilpin struggled in living. When she was almost fifty, she accepted a job in the darkroom. There was once where she made a photo album for a rich family by copying 1,668 photos on platinum paper manually; she worked more than 10 hours a day. And in order to limit the reactions of allergy, she had to put on a respirator and helmet. However, despite health and social restrictions, Gilpin persisted in shooting until her 80s.
Laura Gilpin对纳瓦霍妇女和儿童的肖像特写（包括一些背景）是她最主要的两个成就。Dorothea Lange很尊重Laura Gilpin，认为她的作品体现出人类的尊严、温柔和勇气。其次，Laura Gilpin的一些远景的风景也拍得很好。在她所有书中相互关联的作品都可以独立作为对地理光线和形状的重要记录。这些作品最好的一点是平静，无论是采用柔焦还是锐聚焦，以“直”的方式赋予作品完整的含义，如同Paul Strand 经常采用的方式。
Her main two achievements were on the portraits of Navajo women and children(including some backgrounds). Dorothea Lange really respects Laura Gilpin, she thinks that Gilpin's works embody the dignity, gentleness, and courage of humans. Secondly, Laura Gilpin's distant landscapes were well photographed. Every contextual shot in her book can be used independently as an important record of geographic light and shapes. The best part of these works is calmness, no matter if the soft or sharp focus is used, she used "straightness" to give the full meaning of the work, which is similar to Paul Strand.
Laura Gilpin是多才多艺的，对一切保持开放的态度，时常带来些惊喜。在《不朽的纳瓦霍人》中出现的一些彩色照片，有着不同寻常的美丽。她利用当时胶片的不准确反应来达到某种程度的抽象，这是对技术局限性的创造性运用。
Laura Gilpin was a talented person, she was open to everything, and often bring in surprises. In The Enduring Navaho(1986), there are some color photos, which contain unordinary beauty. She used the inaccurate reactions of the film at the time to achieve a degree of abstraction, which was a creative use of limited technology.
Laura Gilpin 是一位优秀的摄影师，然而，为她编撰书籍的作者并没有把重点放在宣传作品上，致使Laura Gilpin的艺术成就没有得到充分体现。但是，有些艺术本身就是为我们在重新启程的休息中准备的，Laura Gilpin的作品正是这样类型——翻开他们的书，便意犹未尽，期待更新。
Gilpin was an amazing photographer, however, those who compiled her book did not focus on publicizing her works, thus the artistic achievements of Laura Gilpin were not fully shown. Yet some arts are meant to help us as we rest before we begin again. Gilpin's works belong to this section——one opens books of them in expectation of renewal.
本贴仅代表作者观点，与麻辣社区立场无关。
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