高血压低龄化严重 家长需注意

khalil

　　据媒体报道，12岁的男孩小超，125斤，从小都比同龄孩子偏胖一些，特别喜欢吃红烧肉，去医院经检查，小超的高、低压都明显偏离正常值，是典型的高血压。专家称，大约七成高血压患者不知道自己得病，高血压患者低龄化趋势越来越明显。

　　如何确定孩子患了高血压？

　　小儿高血压的评定标准，目前倾向于用百分位法。而小儿高血压的症状，随血压增高程度、有无原发疾患及其严重程度而异。

　　1、轻度高血压患儿，常无明显症状，仅于体检时发现。血压明显增高时可有眩晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状。血压升高的判断，新生儿超过10.7/6.7kPa，婴幼儿超过13.3/8.OkPa，学龄前儿童超过16.0/10.5kPa，学龄儿童超过17.3/12.OkPa，即可诊断高血压。

　　2、肾损害症状常不明显，至晚期可出现夜尿。肾上腺性征异常症临床特点为男性化与高血压并存等。

　　3、嗜铬细胞瘤可有多汗、心悸、心动过速、体重减轻等症状，血中儿茶酚胺过多。

　　4、皮质醇增多症可有软弱、肥胖、体型变化、多毛、瘀斑等。

　　5、原发性醛固酮增多症则有周期性肌张力低下、软弱、手足搐搦、多尿、烦渴等。

　　6、眼底改变。分4度，Ⅰ度：正常眼底；Ⅱ度：可见局灶性小动脉痉挛；Ⅲ度：伴渗出或有出血；Ⅳ度：伴视乳头水肿。Ⅲ或Ⅳ度眼底改变提示恶性高血压，并可迅速进展为高血压脑病的可能，应积极降压治疗。

　　体检时，必须测量孩子的四肢血压并触颈动脉及四肢脉搏。如发现腹部肿块，可能为肾盂积水、多囊肾、嗜铬细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤或肾胚胎瘤等疾患。

　　血压略偏高、有家族史、肥胖儿是重点预防对象

　　对血压正常偏高儿童、有阳性家族史者及肥胖儿应作为重点预防对象，定期测量血压。

　　从儿童开始，就应加强血管保护，预防粥样斑块形成。若有高血压家族史、肾炎病史以及肥胖的4岁以上儿童，经常头昏、头晕、心慌，家长应提高警惕，尽早带孩子到医院测量血压，以争取早期发现问题，予以合理治疗。（文章来源：盛生网）

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