“标题党”的语言暴力（文艺观察）

呼唤文明

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网络语言的丰富和活力赋予个人以更大的表达自由，但我们不应付出语言粗鄙化和趣味衰退的代价

　　　　　　　

　　最近，诗人余秀华在微信朋友圈中爆红。一篇原名《诗里诗外余秀华》的评论，对某刊采用《晃晃悠悠的人间——一位脑瘫患者的诗》为题、以诗人残疾身体为卖点表达了不满。但在此帖转入微信后，它的标题却被改为《穿过大半个中国去睡你》。可想而知，无论煽情的“脑瘫诗人”，还是低俗的“睡你”，都意在刺激读者感官，赚取点击率。

　　在网络信息的海洋中，措辞平淡就会无人问津，于是“标题党”盛行。他们不惜用煽情、惊悚、污秽和侮辱性的词句赚取眼球，甚至连许多内容严肃的文章，也采用了恶俗的标题。比如《梵高的“破鞋”引发撕逼大战》，实际说的是海德格尔、夏皮罗、德里达等人对油画《鞋》的不同阐释；而《这帮姑娘不穿衣服怎么也不害羞》说的是一种新的艺术探索形式。

　　种种类似的表达已经在互联网这个公共语境中形成了语言暴力。最典型的网络语言暴力使用的是隐喻身体器官的脏话及其变体，如已为人们司空见惯的“屌丝”“TMD”“装13”等。它们原本出自口语，仅在个体之间传播，不仅公共场合很少听到，稍微正式的私人谈话也不会使用。但如今它们却悄然变成文字，传播到每一部手机、每一台电脑中，甚至结合符号、英文，成为特色屏幕语言或“网络书面语”。只要读屏，就免不了被迫读到这些字眼儿。随着刺激程度越来越强，人们也提高了容忍度，有时还带着几分捉弄人的快感参与到转发行列中，把粗鄙当成魅力。

　　网络语言虽是文字形式，却有一大部分来自口语，难免带有日常生活用语的特征，某种意义上，这正是其生命力所在。书面语和口语的区分源自印刷文化，口语生动鲜活，但却难免意义含混和风格粗糙，书面语则经过重重校改，遵循固定语法，借助文字传达明确的意义。印刷文化通过信息源管控和多重审校程序，形成了一个高度清洁的书面语环境，书面表达和口头表达一度泾渭分明。如今，印刷媒介对信息传播的垄断受到了网络的挑战，信息发布者逐渐多元，传播途径也五花八门，书面语和口语的界限被打破，互联网将原先私人的口头表达以文字形式保留下来并公之于众，形成了口语、书面语之外的第三种语言——网络语言。

　　网络语言可以说是书面化的口语，在传达私人情感方面，相较于规范的书面语无疑更有冲击力。近年来，越来越多网络词汇变成流行语，部分还登上了印刷媒体，甚至被收入词典，成为社会认可的新词，以往印刷文化中建立的语法规则和语用习惯也得到了扩充。从印刷文化到网络文化，并不是简单的线性更替，网络语言不代表“先进”，印刷语言也不代表“落后”，网络语言“入侵”印刷品，印刷品也主动吸纳网络语言，媒体因此变得多样，内容更加丰富。

　　口语中，粗话脏话的意义随语境、语气转移，褒贬也不尽相同，有时甚至不过是口头禅，没有任何特殊意味，但当这种有意无意的口语变成文字固定下来，进入书面语或“屏幕语言”，就会快速进行传播，同时也引起部分受众的强烈不适。

　　诚然，网络语言的活力赋予人们以更大的表达自由，但我们不应付出语言粗鄙化和趣味衰退的代价。大众媒体必须考虑受众，遵守文明道德规范，提高分辨力和抵抗力，肩负起严格区分、审慎选择的责任。而自我约束也依然是公民成熟的标志，网民只有保持理性、维护道德、秉持文明，才能使语言使用走向真正的健康和自由。

　　《 人民日报 》（ 2015年01月23日 24 版）

呼唤文明

诚然，网络语言的活力赋予人们以更大的表达自由，但我们不应付出语言粗鄙化和趣味衰退的代价。大众媒体必须考虑受众，遵守文明道德规范，提高分辨力和抵抗力，肩负起严格区分、审慎选择的责任。而自我约束也依然是公民成熟的标志，网民只有保持理性、维护道德、秉持文明，才能使语言使用走向真正的健康和自由。

呼唤文明

维护清朗的网络环境，你我他人人有责。

真实反映诉求，不能当标题党。

刚刚好六个字

现在最讨厌的就是标题党   标题一看吓死人  进去一看毫无关系·····

乡下村夫

现在的腹黑记者和媒体不用骇人听闻的标题怎么骗得了傻逼网民喷子展示智慧？