杨云：藏地画谈——辩经

aipu

画家 杨云 Painter Yang Yun

史称“拉萨论争”的一场佛教论辩发生在公元792年的拉萨桑耶寺。

The Buddhist Samye Debate took place in 792 AD in the Samye Monastery.

印度佛教僧人莲花生与中国佛教僧人摩轲衍就“渐悟”与“顿悟”的是非展开了一场辩争。印度僧人莲花生获胜。至此，印度佛教进入西藏。

The Hindu Buddhist monk, Padmasambhava, and the Chinese Buddhist monk, Mo Ke Yan, started a debate on the rights and wrongs between "gradual enlightenment" and "sudden enlightenment". The Hindu monk Padmasambhava eventually won. Beyond this point, Hindu Buddhism entered Tibet.

这种通过争论，明辨法理的方式开创了辩经的先河，直到1200余年后的今天。激烈的辩经之声，依然在青藏高原上回响。

This method of clearly discerning legal principles through debate created a precedent for debating scriptures until today, more than 1,200 years later. The fierce debate on the scriptures still echoes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

千百年的演进与发展，使辩经这一弘扬佛法的方式成了藏传佛教高僧晋升的必修之课，只有通过辩经的严格考试后，才有资格参加拉萨大昭寺传统的“传昭大法会”，进而考取佛学的最高学位——格西，成为藏传佛教的高僧。

Over thousands of years of evolution and development, debating became the compulsory course to escalate in Tibetan Buddhism. Only after a strict exam through debating, will the follower be eligible to participate in the traditional "Monlam Prayer Ceremony" of Jokhang Temple in Lhasa to get the highest degree of Buddhism, Geshe, and become a Tibetan Buddhist monk.

色拉大乘寺的辩经法事已有600余年的历史，早已盛名远播。了解僧人们的内心世界，表现激烈的辩经场景，对一个画家来说是一桩令人兴奋的事情。我走进了向往已久的色拉大乘寺。

The debates of Sera Monastery have a history of more than 600 years, which is well-known by the people for a long time. Understanding the inner world of the monks and present at an intense debating scene is an exciting thing for a painter. Thus I walked into the long-awaited Sera Monastery.

始建于1419年的色拉寺座落在色拉乌孜山麓，群山拥翠，寺宇重重。是藏传佛教格鲁教派的六大主寺之一，也是高僧活佛讲经说法的重地。

Constructed in the year of 1419, the Sera Monastery is located at Sera Utsé Hermitage, which is surrounded by mountains that are full of temples. It is one of the six main monasteries of Gelug Buddhism and an important site for eminent monks and living buddha to give lectures.

色拉寺辩经场设在一个高墙合围的院内，一门进出。院内古柳森森，幽蔽静寂，午后三时，例行的辩经法事开始。

The debating area sat in a courtyard encircled by high walls with only one door for entrance and exit. Inside the yard, the old willow dangles, secluded and quiet. Three o'clock in the afternoon, the scheduled ceremony began.

数十位身着红色僧袍的僧人陆续进入辩经场，柳荫下，他们或坐或站，随意组合，渐次拉开了辩经的序幕：往往站者提问，答者席地而坐。有问有答，步步紧逼，渐入佳境。问者手持念珠，单腿独立，上身后仰。一手高举过头，另一手向下伸直掌心朝上，怒目相视。猛然击掌蹬地，吼声如雷。观者为之一惊，情绪骤然振奋。答者毫不示弱，言辞激烈，据理力争。几番对答将辩经推向高潮......

Dozens of monks dressed in red robes entered the debate field one after another. Under the shade of the willows, they sat or stood, randomly combined, and gradually opened the prelude to the debate: those who stood are questioners, and the respondents sat on the floor. Asking and replying, pressing harder step by step while immersed into it more. The questioner holds the rosary, stands on one leg, and has the upper body leaned back. One hand is raised above the head, the other hand stretched down with palm facing up, glaring at each other. Suddenly the hands clapped and the feet kicked the ground, roaring like thunder. The viewers were shocked but their emotions were suddenly excited. Respondents showed no weakness, their words were fierce, fighting hard on reasons. After several rounds, the debate was pushed to a climax...

其间，一组年青僧人的辩争最为激烈，虽语言不通，观其气氛紧张，慑人心魄。突然，席地打坐的僧人情绪失控嚎啕大哭，不能自已。此刻，问者立即俯身将其环抱，柔声抚慰，情景感人......

Among them, a group of youth has the most intense argument, although I do not understand the language, the tension in the atmosphere was breathtaking. Unexpectedly, The monk who meditated on the ground lost control of his emotions and cried. Right at this moment, the questioner immediately leaned over to embrace him, softly soothing his emotion, what a touching moment...

辩经中丰富夸张的肢体语言有其特定的宗教寓意：拉动念珠以借助佛法之力战胜对手。双手相击喻示世间万物皆众缘和合之物。举手向下挥落象征用文殊菩萨之剑斩断无知。击掌鸣响唤醒心中的慈悲和智慧，把苦难中的众生救渡。

The body languages during this event have special religious meanings: pulling the rosary means to defeat the enemy with the Buddhist power. Palmistry is a metaphor for tracing everything in the world that is connected with all conditions. Raising your hand and swinging it down symbolizes cutting off ignorance with the sword of Manjushri. Clapping awakens the compassion and wisdom in the heart and saves all beings from suffering.

精彩的辩争转瞬不觉夕阳西下，落日的余晖透过柳丛把奇异的光斑洒落在辩经场上，余兴未尽的人们渐渐离去，辩经场留下了先前的静寂。

Sunset arrived without noticing during the wonderful debates, the twilight trans through the willows and sprinkle spots onto the activity area, the still-enthusiastic people gradually dispersed, only the silence was left on the field.

我沉浸在极度的亢奋中，此起彼伏的辩经声在耳边久久回荡......

I was immersed in extreme excitement, and the sound of debating echoed in my ears one after the other long after the event was over...

杨云作品 Yang Yun's Work

整理/ Organize：Lisa

编译/Edit & Translate：Cindy & Mary

制作/ Produce：AIPU