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“…….（清国）留学生之中，属于革命派者甚多，他们经此次省令，必定承受一大打击…….” （参史料《读卖新闻》明治38年12月15日，转引自（台）中央研究院黄福庆《清末留日学生》第287页）
“……盖此次中国学生八千余人先后全行退学，实为革命党所煽惑威胁，其中胁徒者十之八九，倡首滋事者不过十之一，特以乱党凶顽过火，良善不能与抗，钦使监视避祸不遑，无从实践，近日本学生种种逆谋真情毕露实堪发指……”（参《张文襄公选集》转引自永井算巳《所谓清国留学生取缔规则事件之性格》（日本）信州大学纪要第二号）
当时的清国驻日本公使杨枢新闻很通达，他获知日本政府盘算出台这样一个规定之后，他找了日本政府要草稿来看，看了之后，杨枢对日本政府出台这个规定表现了赞成。杨枢在他给清廷的奏折中，是这样讲演这件事的：
其中，以秋瑾为代表的局部清国留学生，煽动全部清国留学生罢课回国，一些清国留学生更是组成了“纠察队”，带上棍棒兵器，满东京跑，看到清国留学生就要挟他们：“你回不回国？”说“不回国”的，即时群起围殴之。（参张篁溪《1905年留日学生罢课运动始末》）
冯自由的回忆也指证了：日本这次监管清国留学生的立法行动，是日本政府和清政府互通款曲、独特谋划出来的事物。
第10条：因操行不端被学校开除过的清国学生，其余学校不准录取。
鲜为人知的是：在这场留日学生的抗议回国潮中，汪精卫一派革命家，和秋瑾一派学生代表，态度是对峙的。汪精卫是不主意留日学生回国的。由于，汪精卫的上司――孙中山――担忧这批革命派的留日学生回国之后，会被清政府一网打尽。于是，孙中山让汪精卫在东京办了一个叫做“维持会”的组织，奉劝留学生不要跟风回国、尽快回归课堂、恢复学业。（参亲历者吴玉章回想《辛亥革命》）
“取缔清国留学生”事件的亲历者冯自在，在其所著《革命逸史》里面，也是这样回想此事的：
7、规则第十条性行不良一语，不知以何者为不良之尺度，狭义狭义之说明界说淡然，万一我辈有持革命主义为北京政府所忌者，可以授意日本、意污指为性行不良，绝我入学之略，其设计之狼毒不堪设想。（参《记东京学界众怒事并述余之看法》，《新民丛报》第三年第二十二号，转引自永井算巳《所谓清国留学生取缔规则事件之性格》（日本）信州大学纪要第二号）
“…….日本文部省亦以中国学生来者日众，参差不齐，而日自己之不肖者，复遍设不完整之学校相勾引，实于教导声誉有碍，因拟订一规程以整肃之，其用意虽极美善，而其内蕴非可揣摩。奴才即亲告文部省：整理学校，固所愿闻，但于我国学生必有关联，请于未公布前抄稿示商，嗣准文部省所拟章程十五条抄稿送来，寻读全文，有为整顿学校者，亦有间接收理学生者，实无苛待之意，旋即颁布…….”（参史料《驻日大臣杨枢为学生罢学办理情况事奏折》，转引自（台）中央研究院黄福庆《清末留日学生》第279页）
2、日本政府在征得清国驻日本公使杨枢的首肯之后，出台了《关于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》；
中国相称多的近代史书籍仿佛始终在告知咱们：1905年，日本政府出台了一个旨在凌辱、禁绝清国留学生的《取缔清国留学生规则》，于是，在东京的清国留学生们奋起抗议，其中，爱国青年陈天华因而悲愤投海而逝世。
但是，终归还是有清楚人。当中有一个清国留学生站出来说：“我们连那个所谓《取缔规则》的原文都还没有读过，发什么怒呢？我们是否应当先考察、研究，搞清晰之后，再反对也不迟呀！”愤怒的留学生们立即这样回应他：“不必查了，还有什么好查的？！我们认为是这样，就是这样！”（参黄尊三《三十年日记》）
这个新规定一出台，登时在东京的清国留学生之中掀起了轩然大波。清国留学生纷纭扔下课本，簇拥冲上街头，举办了声势盛大的罢课、游行、示威、抗议活动，风风火火，满城风雨。
6、一贯忧国忧民的清国留学生陈天华,色五月，目击日本媒体对中国人“放荡卑鄙”的评论，同时也目睹留学生中“保持会”和“结合会”之间的内耗等诸多起因，悲愤交加，跳海自杀身亡，但是，他在遗书中自述：他并非为了抗议日本政府的《取缔规则》而自杀。
陈天华跳海自杀的消息传出来当前，清国留学生更加悲愤，动员了范围更大的罢课闹事活动，并且放出狠话：“（留学生）谁敢不随从（罢课），给我狠狠地打！”（参景梅九《罪案》《中国近代史材料丛刊?辛亥革命》）
3、规则第一、第四条言入学、转学需要经公使之介绍、否认，明损害我入学自由；
4、《关于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》先后被日本报纸和中文报纸《新民丛报》毛病报道成《取缔规则》。“取缔”二字的中文、日文字义的差别使误解进一步深入。
但是，这样的历史，恐怕是失真的。笔者在耕读了关于本案的多种史料之后，却发明这件事情的前因后果，其实是这样的：
第1条：清国学生需要清国公使馆的先容，方能入读日本公私学校；
将法案草稿交给清国公使杨枢审视并且征得杨枢的同意之后，1905年11月2日，日本政府出台了《关于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》，这个《规程》的条文很长，读者不用逐一研读，它里面有相当多的条文是约束日本人开办的野鸡学校的。在这个规定当中，关于监管清国留学生的，重要有如下四条的规定：
清政府请求日本政府破法监管留学生，这是属于干预日本内政的事件，那么日本为什么迫不得已帮这个忙呢？这里有一个不可疏忽的历史背景：当时日本刚在日俄战斗当中战胜了俄国，日军依然占据在中国的东北地域，日本想向清政府恰当示好，以便在东三省善后会谈事宜中，以公约的情势牟取一些殖民权利。
当时在东京的清国留学生，有相称的一部门已经被革命党、联盟会给策反，他们踊跃从事反清革命运动。在这种情形下，1903年，当时的湖广总督张之洞，向清廷写了这样的一份奏折：
第9条：清国学生到校外租屋子的，所在的学校需要增强监管；
5、规则中有学生卒业后将姓名通告于我国政府，清其登用之语，使日本人欲结好我政府、愚弄我学生，以握我教育权，且渐干涉我用人行政之权；
2、此规则之名，原清韩留学生取缔规则也，不外恐我国不认，姑为朝三暮四之计，去韩留清之尔，夫其使我与受彼维护之韩国为伍，是可忍孰不可忍也；
在征得朝廷的首肯之后，张之洞与当时的日本驻华公使内田康哉磋商订立《约束游学生章程》，要求日本帮助清国“管一管”在日本的清国留学生。
当然，还有另外一个客观因素，那就是：当时日本民间专门为清国留学生创办的野鸡学校已经泛滥成灾，而且清国留学生确实学风不好，终日在清国人乡亲的小圈子里瞎混，终日在酒楼、倡寮里浪荡，耽于酒色，缺课成风，许多清国留学生甚至连日语都没能控制好，这样的学风，已经重大影响了日本海内的教养秩序，的确需要整顿。
陈天华这段文字，翻译成古代文，是这样的意思：“…….请大家千万不要误会我，我陈天华跳海自杀，并非为了抗议这次《取缔清国留学生规则》……”。
笔者以为，这就是本案的基本领实。供读者鉴。
这就是那场“取缔清国留学生事件”、“陈天华自残事件”的基础经由。
4、规则中有侵害我书信机密自由之件；
在中国湖北这边，湖广总督张之洞对闹事的学生进行了这样的批驳和责备：
清国留日学生陈天华在细细耕读了日本政府这个《规程》之后，发表了这样的评论：
1、此规则之名清国留学生取缔规则也，故无论内容奈何，吾辈义不可忍受，何以故？以损辱我国权故，日本人留学于欧美各国者，宁乏人？何以不闻某国有取缔日本学生之规则？即我国人留学他国者，宁止一日本？何以不闻某国开日本之先例？别为规则以取缔我也，若是夫彼日本明鄙弃我国权也；
5、《取缔规则》的出台使在日本的清国留学生哗然。清国留学生发动了声势浩瀚的游行、示威、罢课、回国活动；
未几，日本报纸又有评论员发表社论，认为清国留学生基本没有认真谛解、甚至根本没有读过日本政府这次出台的新《规程》，就蜂涌罢课闹事，真是“放肆拙劣”。
冯学荣，学者，居香港，著有《从甲午到七七―日本为什么侵华》
梳理上述的史料，我们能够大略还底本案的发展逻辑如下：
这里有一个不太背眼的陷阱：在日本语里面，“取缔规则”的意思是“管理规定”。日本语里面的“取缔”两个汉字，并非“取缔”的意思，而是“管理”的意思。例如：日本企业里面的“取缔役”，是“董事长”的意思。不得不说，这是一个不小的误解。
“…….伏查，游学日本学生，年少无识惑于邪说，言动嚣张者固属不少，其循理遵法潜心向学者亦颇不乏人，自应明定章程，分辨惩劝，嫡足以杜流弊而励真才，当即酌拟约束游学学生、勉励毕业生章程各一通…….拟定束缚章程十依，已往者当知，续往者有范，上示朝廷瘴疠之公，下以昭学术邪正……”（参《鄂督张奏约束激励赴日游学章程折》转引自永井算巳《所谓清国留学生取缔规则事件之性情》（日本）信州大学纪要第二号）
《新民丛报》这七点评论中的最后一点也是值得读者留神的。按照这个规定，日本学校可以依据清政府的要求，以“品行不端”的名义，将和革命党有瓜葛的清国留学生开除，而且不准这些有革命偏向的学生再入读任何日本学校。这无疑是断绝了众多革命派留学生的前程。
然而，丛文字上而言，这部法律原来名叫《关于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》，为何到了旅日华人眼中，却改了名字、变成了《清国留学生取缔规则》呢？
“…….值日本文部省徇清公使所求，颁布取缔留学生规则……”（参冯自由《革命逸史》中华书局版，第120-121页）
与此同时，清国留学生胡瑛则成立了一个“联合会”，公然和“维持会”叫板。“联合会”私设法庭、对反对回国的汪精卫、胡汉民等一些革命党人判处了死刑。当然，他们没敢实际履行私刑，当时的日本已经是法治之地。
在这次罢课回国的风潮当中，先后一共有八千二百名清国留学生离日返国，日本《东京朝日新闻》发表了这样的社论：
第4条：清国学生转学、退学，须要征得清国公使馆的批准；
《规程》出台之后，日本的中文报纸《新民丛报》发表了一篇旅日华人撰写的社论，对《关于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》作了以下七点的评论：
这时，同在日本的公共常识分子梁启超，也当真地研读了日本政府的这个所谓《取缔规则》。读完之后，梁启超认为：此规则“利大于弊”、“与中国国度主权没有关系”、“也并没有侵略我们中国人的处所”。（参梁启超《饮冰室合集?集外集》）
“……规则之颁，其剥我自由，侵我主权，故不待言……,玉蒲团.（然而）此次规则，出于文部省，专言我国学务，且细观条文，重在办学方面，与前报迥乎不同……”（参杨源浚《陈天华殉国记》）
隔了没多少天，陈天华跳海自杀了。
本来，这是日本报纸“标题党”惹的祸。日本报纸在报道这个新闻、拟定题目的时候，或者为了吸引读者，也许出于排版原因，总之，日本报纸简化了一个新闻标题，将《对于准许清国学生入学之公私立学校之规程》简称为《清国留学生取消规矩》。其中，“取缔”二字非常扎眼。报纸一出，留学生和旅日华人哗然。值得注意的是，当时没有网络、没有电视、电台，日本政府出台一个新法规，许多清国留学生实在是不机遇接触到法规的原文的。许多时候，要靠口口相传。三人成虎因此在劫难逃。
《愤青的狂欢――取缔清国留学惹事件本相》
于是，1905年，日本政府拟订了一个监管清国留学生的新划定。
“…….要回去的，随意他们回去，别让他们在这里无理取闹，这种学生，就算我们有心培育他们，也是空费神思……”（参史料《东京朝日消息》明治38年12月14日，转引自（台）中心研讨院黄福庆《清末留日学生》第298页）
同在日本的章士钊读完这个所谓《取缔规则》之后，也评估道：“与我国国体毫无关系”、“留学生是曲解、胡闹”。
公布了这个《规程》之后，日本文部省次官木场对媒体发表评论说：
陈天华是不是为了抗议这次《取缔清国留学生规则》而自杀？不是。因为陈天华的遗书，把本人的自杀念头写的十分明白。陈天华留下?的的《遗书》（又名《绝命辞》），白纸黑字，是这样写的：
“…...但慎毋误会其意、谓鄙人为取缔规则问题而死…...”。
3、这个规程在入学、转学、退学、在校外租房等方面对清国留学生进行了监管，限度了革命党活动的自由，而且规定一旦清国留学生因涉嫌革命党被开除，则再也不能入读日本的任何学校；
可是，当时在日本的许多清国留学生，吊儿郎当，日语学得并不精，他们直接把日语的“取缔”懂得成了汉语的“取缔”，换言之，他们是把“治理”过错地舆解成“开革”跟“禁绝”。
6、规则第九条剥夺我栖身自由权，查日本惟待娼妓乃有勒令寓居于指定场合之制，是娼妓我也；
木场次官的这个评论，进一步旁证了：日本出台这个《规程》，是为了谄谀清政府、辅助清政府监管在日本的清国留学生、避免他们被孙文革命党策反。
1、清政府要求日本政府赞助监管在日本的清国留学生，预防清国留学生被革命党策反；
《新民丛报》这七点评论，其中第一点是值得读者注意的：“此规则之名清国留学生取缔规则也，故无论内容奈何，吾辈义不可忍耐”。这句评论翻译成现代中文，是这样的意思：“日本政府出台的这个规定，叫做《清国留学生取缔规则》，无论它的内容是什么，我们都不能接收！”评论的意思是：因为它起名叫《取缔规则》，“取缔”二字十分耀眼，十分侮辱人，而至于这个规定的内容，就不再主要了，总之，一部连名称都叫做“取缔中国人”的法律，无论它的本质内容是什么，我们都是要反对的。
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likhxdfqij

1902年，新政第二年，二十岁的宋教仁前往武汉报考新式学堂。这表明他对传统士大夫成长途径已失去了兴致，或者说传统成长道路科举轨制已经意思不大，已不再对宋教仁这代青年形成多大吸引力。
宋教仁热情政治，是因为他的宪政态度。他以为中华民公民主政治实在就是宪法政治，就是宪政。宪政准则在竞争，政治上的正当竞争、和平竞争是民国政治的必由之路，暴力革命必需永远完整放弃，否则不足以沿宪政。
一个宪政的中国，是宋教仁的期待。纪念宋教仁的最佳方式，就是增进宪政中国从幻想到事实，应该鼓励更多政治家放弃斗争理念，乐于成为宋教仁那样的“议会迷”。
准备破宪转变了中国历史过程，跟随孙中山、黄兴、宋教仁闹革命的人中，有很多底本就不是动摇的革命者，他们之所以随着起哄闹革命，重要起因就是由于清廷不思进取不愿变革，当初朝廷变更了，批准以日本为底本君主立宪，他们还有什么理由继承革命呢？于是，联盟会引导层相称一批人，如刘师培夫妇、章炳麟等，都在斟酌以怎么一种方法废弃革命，回归体系，参加变革，或者即使不介入变革，不回归体制，也不持续闹革命了，总应当给朝廷一个机遇。于是，中国革命仅仅光辉了一年多一点时光，就从热潮到低潮。
恰是在这样一种政治背景下，散布寰球的中国反体制革命者相聚东京，他们先前或者等待过清廷“自改革”，也许是从“革政”走上革命。但在日本胜利模式启示下，他们感到中国要富强，要雄起，就必须革命，继续指望那个一直令人失望的清廷已经没用。中国人必须自己救本人，必须颠覆满洲人在中国的政治统治。这就是宋教仁这批青年走上革命道路的重要背景。这批青年革命家组织成立同盟会，号令分布海内外的革命者结合起来，抛弃成见，一致对着清廷，对着满洲人。同盟会成立是一个重要标记，是那些热血青年对清廷不改革、假改革的回应。
在这个进程中，宋教仁的思想也有很大变更。宋教仁在日本研究的是法政，思考的都是宪政问题，他之所以在先前那样激进地参与革命，主要是因为他遇到了黄兴一批革命党人做了好友人，还因为清廷不改革。现在既然清廷开始宪政改革了，既然有了回归体制的机会，既然革命因预备立宪陷入低潮，宋教仁天经地义要考虑自己的前途，考虑自己能为国家做点什么。这是人情世故。历史上从来没有情随事迁的革命者，没有只知造反不知让步的革命党。宋教仁这个改变很正常，一点都不让人奇异。
1908年，宋教仁机缘偶合与袁世凯等体制内大员树立了接洽，袁世凯对宋教仁的才干无比观赏，盼望宋教仁回归体制，参与立宪。然因种种原因，宋教仁并没有如袁世凯所愿，回归体制。
在从前，大多数研究者比拟偏向于认为宋教仁是近代中国最坚决的宪政寻求者，不惜为宪政献身。在以阶级斗争为纲的年代里，甚至在“后阶级奋斗”年代，研究者中仍然有相称多的人认为宋教仁对宪政的追求近乎陈腐，是与虎谋皮。宋教仁为宪政而逝世，在许多人看来，有点不值，革命党只能用实力谈话，没有实力，没有枪杆子，清廷不会主动立宪；袁世凯更不会乖乖地接收宪法束缚。这种基于阶层剖析的观点，不能说错误，但显然还有从新研讨的空间，至少还应从宋教仁自身进行分析，不要替他可惜值仍是不值。
这确切是一个悖论。改革本来为了反制革命，改革原来就是被革命逼出来的。清廷虽说发布新政了，履行改造了，先前因种种原因此对政治极端冷淡的知识人复苏了，政治热忱被再度激活。然而正因为这样，当人们的视线已翻开，已经晓得世界，知道货色洋立宪各国实在情况的时候，清廷已宣告的改革政策当然无奈满意革命者的诉求。所以在1903年，不仅宋教仁、黄兴等人闹革命，在上海的章炳麟、邹容也在鼓吹革命，宣传造反，鼓吹推翻清廷。先前孙中山“一个人的革命”正在逐步变成一个民族的觉悟。
清廷不改革、假改革激发了革命高潮，革命高潮反过来必定反制清廷，促使清廷走上真改革。否则就只能等着被革命，被改革。而且，革命高潮的造成得益于日俄战争，同样的情理，日俄战争也对清廷构成宏大刺激。清廷统治者先前的底牌是大俄国应该可能克服小日本，果如此，清廷就能够缓解变革压力。现在所有都反了，俄国失败了，俄国也开端革命了，沙皇也只得宣布改革了。俄国的情形同样深入影响着中国。清廷终于感到了变革的压力，于是在1905年差遣亲贵大臣出洋考核宪政。一年后，宣布预备立宪，起誓在一个不太长的时间里重建国度体制。
宋教仁在晚清民初政治分类中，确实属于革命党人，但宋教仁又与相对的革命党人孙中山等人略有不同。孙中山最早看出清廷政治体制不具备改革基本，不拥有改革价值，因而孙中山自1894年萌生反清意识后，始终如一贯彻始终。当然，孙中山即便半途有挫折，有迟疑，历史也不给他反悔的机会，自从1895年策动第一次武装起义，孙中山就与清廷不共戴天，清廷即便宣布预备立宪了，也不愿将孙中山等人赦免。这就将孙中山逼上了革命到底的道路。
遗憾的是，历史并没有让宋教仁的理想变成现实。当他对议会多数信念满满时，一颗罪行的枪弹击中了他。宋教仁倒下了，刚开启的民主政治遇到伟大挫折。
宋教仁在武汉如果不碰到黄兴、刘揆一、章士钊、陈天华等人，他或许应该在新学道路上前行。然而当他遇到这多少个人之后，不期然走上反清革命的道路。
再从国际背景看，1900年义和团战争留下十分重大的后遗症，沙俄伺机占据东三省迟迟不愿偿还，也是许多青年知识人对清廷不满的理由。稍后，日本宣布为中国索要东三省主权而与俄国开火。更主要的是，东邻日本居然以一个小岛国打败了大俄国。不惟如斯，对中国人来说，日本博得日俄战役是一个重要指标，使中国人忽然想起十年前日本也是以一个小岛国战胜大中国。日本人少国小，为什么能在十年内连败中俄两个大国，日本毕竟凭什么这样牛气，中国为什么不行？日俄战争，尤其是日自己的成功，深深震动了同文同种的中国人。
宋教仁的主意正大光亮，他对民主宪政的虔诚与期待令人佩服。在很长一段时间，宋教仁就像咱们今天可以在西方民主国家，在台湾大选中看到的那样，风尘仆仆东奔西走，纵横捭阖高低其手，既以合法手腕争取议会多数，其实也像一切“民主初步”时的政治家一样，宋教仁也曾操控选举，比方在湖南选区；也曾与反对者发生肢体抵触，而且不止一次。这些其实都是民主初潮时的畸形景象，历史上素来没有一个国家一步到位，成为成熟民主。宋教仁不管有多少不足或问题，都必须否认他依然是中国民主初潮时期弄潮人，是中国民主政治前驱者之一。
武昌起义发生后，宋教仁受湖北军政府邀请，第一时间来到武昌授命主持起草《鄂州约法》。《鄂州约法》所体现的只是近代政治必须具备的“三权分立”原则，约法划定新政府以都督为行政核心，都督与议会、司法三权独特构成最高权力中央，行政权由都督及其任命的政务员行使，立法权属于议会，司法权归属于法司。这套立宪架构的法律体制，与清廷正在进行的君主立宪一脉相承。假如要说差别的话，《鄂州约法》只是剔除了君主，权力起源属于国民，不再是君主立宪，而是人民立宪。很显然，这套思维并不是同盟会，甚至不是华兴会的政治主意，反而与袁世凯十多年来倡导、推进的君主立宪改革存在许多符合处，由此也就可预示宋教仁与袁世凯在将来具备配合的可能性。
革命者惋惜宋教仁之死，有足够理由。百年后重新考虑宋教仁思惟，我们必须承认，中国不仅须要宪政，而且需要更多宋教仁这样的“议会迷”。中国的政治家只有被圈进议会的笼子里，他们只能凭借三寸不烂之舌争辩说理，不得动辄动用武力，惊扰庶民。
与孙中山的情形稍有不同。宋教仁生于1882年，是十九世纪晚期典范的“八零后”。他们成长的年代，经过大挫折、大曲折，他们品味过“同光新政”的辉煌与自豪。紧接着就是甲午战败、马关之耻，就是维新时代，就是义和团战争，就是新政改革。这就是宋教仁那代“八零后”成长背景。
“宋案”的后续故事令人唏嘘，可作多种解读。但我们看到宋教仁弥留之际依然认为中国不应放弃宪政之路，中国必须离别革命，阔别暴力，信任只有宪政，才是中国应该追求的千秋大梦；只有议会，才是政治家应该去的地方。
今年（2013）是宋教仁去世一百周年留念。适值初春，又近清明，抚今追昔，更加逼真觉得宋教仁的巨大，更加信服宋教仁那代人查究民主宪政的真挚、韧性。
依据这样的政管理念，宋教仁进入民国更加活泼，他的幻想不是阁僚，而是阁揆，所以他依照政党政治的原则尽力打造议会第一大党，争夺通过和平的议会竞争实现政党轮替，篡夺组阁权。
按照清廷的计划，所谓新政其实只是一场行政体制的改革，只是统治团体内部权力的调剂,波多野结衣，并不是真正的政治体制改革，并不波及统治权利的弱化或让渡。这是引起这批革命者不满的最大原因。而且，在新政改革发生前，大家经由1898年秋天“六正人”事件，经过1900年义跟团战斗，许多汉人常识分子对满洲人极其扫兴，而新政给予略微宽松的政治空间，遂使这些人有可能将这种绝望开释出来,淫淫网，转化为一场活动。
中国为什么会在1903年之后产生反清革命呢？清廷不是在1901年就宣布新政了吗，不是在政治体制、处所自治、新教导方面都有良多改革了吗。既然改革了，为什么还要革命呢？
南京暂时政府是“常设的”，很快就被在北京成立的中华民国袁世凯政府所代替，在政治的基础面，中华民国实际上连续了过去十年宪政改革，只是君主不在。
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[b]饿鬼纠缠大将军
一个人年逾古稀，脑筋苏醒，不昏愦，不僵固，已属难能；左宗棠还肯将一腔好汉热血挥洒在祖国南疆，更属宝贵。
1874年5月，左宗棠年近六十三岁（按虚岁盘算），被朝廷任命为钦差大臣，督办新疆军务。翌年，他带领雄师，从甘肃酒泉向新疆进发，特地让戈什哈用马车押载一副沉甸甸的棺材，作为三军前导，以示老帅马革裹尸的信心。五年间，左宗棠率军纵横天山南北，经由浴血奋战，彻底击溃了阿古柏，顾全了中国西疆的金瓯完全，树立了彪炳史册的盖世功勋。
太监是饿鬼，贪官也是饿鬼。左宗棠素以胆识著称，对太监他没辙，对贪官则绝不留情。在大庭广众之中，他敢于发声，敢于表态。他指斥持禄的满族大员官文目不识丁，还讽刺八旗后辈真才实学，徒耗膏粱，成事不足，败事有余，因而冲撞公愤，满、蒙籍高官贵胄对他刻骨仇恨。左宗棠以协办大学士入军机处行走，堪称货真价实的一品宰相，却未能久安其位，一年之内，两度受到排斥，先是简放两江总督，而后被派往福建火线主持海防，说白了，就是去当“救火队长”。左宗棠倒是不犯愁，也不着恼，他仍要大言傲世，论到临敌制胜，天下鼠辈只能靠边站，还得我老亮（左宗棠号称“今亮”，意为当今的诸葛亮）亲身出马才行。对外，左宗棠始终主战不言和，但他始终无缘与英、法、俄、德、意、日这班列强的精锐之师正面交锋，未曾痛畅快快地决一雌雄，遂引为平生憾事。在写给儿子左孝宽的家书中，其笔调大方激动：“……但能破彼船坚炮利诡谋，老命固不惜,依依社区！或者四十余年之恶气，借此一吐，自此凶威抑扬，不敢动辄挟制要求，乃所愿也！”在他的心目中，列强意欲瓜分中国，同样是一群饿鬼，他要跟他们拼老命。左公越老越雄壮，越老越愤激，确切由于胸间有一口恶气郁积已久，未曾找到恰当的机遇酣畅吐出。在家书中，他还特殊援用兵部尚书、湘军同袍彭玉麟的豪言“如斯葬送老命，亦可值得”,白石茉莉奈，以示“义士暮年，壮心不已”。语气之豪放，足令热血男儿肃然起敬。
一位保家卫国的大元勋去宫中叙职，尚且要给看门太监封个三千两银票的大红包，才干买通关节，想想都令人寒心，大清帝国不亡真是没有天理。有道是“阎王易见，小鬼难缠”，宫中太监都是小鬼，也都是饿鬼，假使没有阎王的放纵跟默认，他们可能胡作非为地索贿吗？更令人震惊的是，奕䜣贵为亲王，权倾朝野，竟然也不感到这种勒索有何不妥，反倒是迫不得已自掏腰包，出来为左大将军打圆场，可见恭王爷也有他的苦衷，同样是粗胳膊拧不外大腿，对此现状无可奈何，只能适应，不能逆袭。什么叫贿赂公行？这就叫贿赂公行。什么叫政以贿成？这就叫政以贿成。
1885年6月，左宗棠听到《中法新约》签署的新闻，登时愤慨填膺，连声高呼：“出队，出队，我还要打！这个天下他们久不要，我从南边打到北边。我要打，皇帝没奈何！”因为悲愤太过，恶气攻心，左宗棠呕血数升，猝然病逝。一代英雄，抱恨终天，悲哉！
饿鬼们成为了历史中的泡沫垃圾，左大将军却永世长存，你若请求公平，这就叫公正。
（本文首发于天津《今晚报》2013-06-04）
陛见时，左宗棠奏对称旨，慈安太后对老帅的雄风胜概印象极佳，据说他近来视力大不如前，于是心血来潮，将先帝（咸丰天子）的遗物――一副墨晶眼镜赏赏给他。应用人情趣十足的小恩小惠来表扬左宗棠的盖世功劳，慈安太后堪称别具匠心，饶有创意。陛见停止后，主管太监奉旨颁赐奖品，居然找准这个现成的标题来做文章，强行勒索谢礼三千两白银（报价真够咸的），左宗棠一怒之下，转背就走，先帝的那副墨晶眼镜也勤得要了。恭亲王奕䜣见状，再次露面打圆场，索性好人做到底，送佛送到西。主事太监看在恭亲王奕䜣的体面上，谢礼打了个五折，这才高抬贱手，让左宗棠领回“奖品”。
――豪杰难过太监关
1881年春，左宗棠回到北京叙职，两宫皇太后（东宫慈安太后尚未被西宫慈禧太后毒杀）垂帘召见，特加褒赏。主事太监可恶之极，竟然猛鬼敲竹杠，暗示左宗棠：按照不成文的老规则（实为潜规矩），须缴纳陛见关节费三千两白银。左公秉性刚烈，岂肯抬头认宰？眼看此事就要闹僵，幸好恭亲王奕䜣顾全大局，从中转圜，代付了这笔银两，左公才如期入宫，晋谒两宫皇太后。
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“There’s one little fact to be borne in mind in the presence equally of the best talk and of the worst.”‘For I have a long way to go before I get home, and my feet will not carry me so far.We will ‘oot and vissel.”“It scares me somehow,” he said.But I don’t think he quite knew what a big thing it was to be, for all that.Arthur explained his views, which apparently included settling all his property on his bride in the most absolute fashion possible.“I could change it into anything,” said Mr.“I am very fond of bread and milk.”If you come with me you shall know all delight.The highest type of man may revert to the animal if he leaves the straight road of destiny.” But if his enemy happens to know magic, and can throw down the forest, the man has only to strike the stone with the stick,?tid=20&pid=726718&page=61&extra=#pid726718, and hailstones as large as http:///product/380x507/V355853_CROP1.jpg’ eggs will rain down from the sky and will kill every one for twenty miles round.If the former imperfect view he had caught of Laura had given an impression to the heart of Osbert, it now received a stronger character from the opportunity afforded him of contemplating her beauty.’
‘I would have done so, but it vanished.“It is very dark,” she said.’
Polwin made a dart into the mist.Angela did not understand these legal intricacies, and knew about as much about the law of intestacy as she did of Egyptian inscriptions.
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Arthur waited for the old man’s lingering answer with all his heart upon his lips.And he opened the gate of the fold, where the sheep had been all night, and drove them out into the meadow.’
‘It is not contingent,’ answered Mr.We are fired with indignation at the recital of an act of injustice, and at the unfeeling vices of which we are told.The undiscovered country from whose bourn
As the tide was down, it required a considerable detour to reach the spot,/all/, and when at last they came off the ladder-way, the mangled body had disappeared.“I wonder if you would bear it,” she said.
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Nevertheless immense labour was devoted to criticism of the ancient texts, which were given symbolical or magical meanings adapted to the degenerate modern mentality.
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