美国：与未成年人性交是重罪
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针对儿童的性侵犯（child sexual abuse）是全球性的问题。很多国家制定了严厉的专项立法，即使通过互联网对儿童进行性骚扰，也可能受到惩罚。有些国家扩大了法院的管辖权，对于那些去他国寻求儿童色情服务的行为，不管是否能证实其最初动机，都允许本国法院予以审判。
联合国制定有《儿童权利公约》，要求签约各国切实保护儿童免受性剥削。中国是联合国《儿童权利公约》以及相关议定书的签约国。
美国很多州的刑法规定，与未成年人发生性行为是犯罪，很多州将其归入强奸罪。实际上，按照这些法律，与丧失了心智、或判断力、或无法给出有效的法律所认可的许可的人发生性行为，都算强奸，通过恐吓受害人，比如威胁伤害受害人本人或相关的其他人，而与受害人发生性行为，也算强奸。
以下内容根据网上资料整理：
根据加利福尼亚州刑法的一般规定，与不到18岁的人发生性关系是违法行为[1]。如果肇事者与被侵害人之间的年龄差距小于3岁，以轻罪论，如果超过3岁，或者肇事者年龄超过21岁而被侵害方小于16岁，可以判轻罪也可以判重罪。加州刑法针对“儿童性侵”有多项立法，比如，以寻求性快感为目的，给儿童发送包含性内容的电话信息属于犯罪行为[2]，而且，被指控的人如果辩解说自己不知道对方的真实年龄，那么，他必须自己证明已经采取了有效的行为来确认对方年龄。对于与不超过10岁的儿童发生性行为，如果肇事者超过18岁，加州刑法以重罪论处，算作伤害“公序良俗（PUBLIC DECENCY AND GOOD MORALS）”的性侵犯行为，如果是通常方式的性行为，须判25年监禁，如果是非通常方式的性行为，可能会判15年。
在麻萨诸塞州，与不到16岁的未成年人发生性关系——无论是传统的性交方式或非传统的，都算强奸[4]。如果肇事者与被侵害人的年龄差距超过5岁，而且被侵害人不满12岁，或者，肇事者与被侵害人的年龄差距超过10岁，被侵害人在12-16岁，肇事者须判不少于10年的有期徒刑[5]。
在阿拉巴马州，16岁以上的人与不到12岁的人发生性关系算强奸，A级重罪[6]。
在弗吉尼亚州，与不到13岁的人发生性关系算作强奸[7]。
资料来源：
[1] 加利福尼亚州法典——刑法典，第261.5节，关于“非法性行为”，与不到18岁的人发生性行为是非法的
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http://leginfo.legislature.ca.go ... xpandedbranch.xhtml
261.5
(a) Unlawful sexual intercourse is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person who is not the spouse of the perpetrator, if the person is a minor. For the purposes of this section, a “minor” is a person under the age of 18 years and an “adult” is a person who is at least 18 years of age.
(b) Any person who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is not more than three years older or three years younger than the perpetrator, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(c) Any person who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is more than three years younger than the perpetrator is guilty of either a misdemeanor or a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
(d) Any person 21 years of age or older who engages in an act of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor who is under 16 years of age is guilty of either a misdemeanor or a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years.
[2] 加利福尼亚州法典——刑法典，第288.2节，关于伤害“公序良俗”的性侵犯行为，禁止向儿童发送性骚扰信息
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http://leginfo.legislature.ca.go ... xpandedbranch.xhtml
288.2.
(a) (1) Every person who, with knowledge that a person is a minor, or who fails to exercise reasonable care in ascertaining the true age of a minor, knowingly distributes, sends, causes to be sent, exhibits, or offers to distribute or exhibit by any means, including, but not limited to, live or recorded telephone messages, any harmful matter, as defined in Section 313, to a minor with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust or passions or sexual desires of that person or of a minor, and with the intent or for the purpose of seducing a minor, is guilty of a public offense and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison or in a county jail.
[3] 加利福尼亚州法典——刑法典，第288.2节，关于伤害“公序良俗”的性侵犯行为，与未满10岁儿童发生性关系是重罪
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http://leginfo.legislature.ca.go ... xpandedbranch.xhtml
288.7.
(a) Any person 18 years of age or older who engages in sexual intercourse or sodomy with a child who is 10 years of age or younger is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 25 years to life.
(b) Any person 18 years of age or older who engages in oral copulation or sexual penetration, as defined in Section 289, with a child who is 10 years of age or younger is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 15 years to life.
[4] 麻萨诸塞州法典第四部（刑法典），第277章，第39节，关于“强奸”的定义，与不到16岁的人发生性行为算强奸
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http://www.malegislature.gov/Law ... hapter277/Section39
Rape.—Sexual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse by a person with another person who is compelled to submit by force and against his will or by threat of bodily injury, or sexual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse with a child under sixteen years of age.
[5] 麻萨诸塞州法典第四部（刑法典），第265章，第23a节，与未成年人发生性行为的惩罚
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http://www.malegislature.gov/Law ... apter265/Section23A
Section 23A. Whoever unlawfully has sexual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse, and abuses a child under 16 years of age and:
(a) there exists more than a 5 year age difference between the defendant and the victim and the victim is under 12 years of age;
(b) there exists more than a 10 year age difference between the defendant and the victim where the victim is between the age of 12 and 16 years of age; or
(c) at the time of such intercourse, was a mandated reporter as defined in section 21 of chapter 119, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years, but not less than 10 years.
[6] 阿拉巴马州法典——刑法典，第13A-6-61节，与不到12岁的人发生性行为算一级强奸、A级重罪，法条来自网络
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http://law.onecle.com/alabama/criminal-code/13A-6-61.html
Section 13A-6-61 - Rape in the first degree.
(a) A person commits the crime of rape in the first degree if:
(1) He or she engages in sexual intercourse with a member of the opposite sex by forcible compulsion; or
(2) He or she engages in sexual intercourse with a member of the opposite sex who is incapable of consent by reason of being physically helpless or mentally incapacitated; or
(3) He or she, being 16 years or older, engages in sexual intercourse with a member of the opposite sex who is less than 12 years old.
(b) Rape in the first degree is a Class A felony.
[7] 弗吉尼亚州法典——刑法典，第18.2-61节，与不到13岁的人发生性关系算强奸，法条来自网络
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发表于 2013-5-15 17:04
